DNEWS #17 - INSTRUCTIONS FOR MIDIPLAYER CZ VERSION 
By Craig Chamberlain  10/29/88 


COPYRIGHT NOTICE 
The Enhanced Sidplayer Promotional Player, including the MIDI edition, is 
copyrighted by COMPUTE! Publications, Inc. and is not in the Public Domain.  
Permission is granted to freely distribute the program, however, provided that 
it is not modified and not sold. 


INTRODUCTION 
The MIDIPLAYER program plays Enhanced Sidplayer songs on any MIDI-capable 
synthesizer.  The Casio CZ version of MIDIPLAYER has special support for the 
Casio CZ-101, CZ-1000, CZ-2000, CZ-3000, CZ-5000 and CZ-1 synthesizers, 
including the ability to load patch files. 

This document explains the differences between the CZ version of MIDIPLAYER and 
the non-handshaking version for use with all MIDI synthesizers.  For complete 
information on the general features of MIDIPLAYER, please read "SIDNEWS #14 - 
Instructions for Playing Songs on MIDIPLAYER."  For information on how to edit 
songs to take advantage of all the features of MIDIPLAYER, see "SIDNEWS #15 - 
Instructions for Creating Songs for MIDIPLAYER." 


NECESSARY EQUIPMENT 
In addition to a Casio CZ synthesizer and a Passport, Sequential, Datel, or 
compatible MIDI interface, you will need at least one MIDI cable.  The cable 
connects MIDI OUT from the interface to MIDI IN on the synthesizer.  If you 
want to use patch files, a second MIDI cable is needed, to connect MIDI OUT on 
the synthesizer to MIDI IN on the interface. 


SETUP 
With all of your equipment turned off, connect the synthesizer and MIDI 
interface with the MIDI cables, and hook up the audio output of the synthesizer 
to a stereo or your computer's monitor.  Now turn on the synthesizer and the 
other equipment.  When you press the keys on the synthesizer, you should hear 
notes play. 

Load the MIDIPLAYER program and LIST it.  Change line 30 to select the MIDI 
interface type as appropriate. 

Now examine lines 31 through 33: 

  31 POKE 781,0:REM 0 = PATCH FILE LOADING DISABLED, 
  32 REM 1 = CZ-101 OR CZ-1000, 3 = CZ-101 OR CZ-1000 WITH CARTRIDGE, 
  33 REM 5 = CZ-2000 OR CZ-3000 OR CZ-5000 OR CZ-1 

If you have a CZ-101 or CZ-1000 without the optional RA-3 RAM cartridge, the 
POKE value should be 1, and if you do have a cartridge inserted, the value 
should be 3.  If you have a CZ-2000, CZ-3000, CZ-5000, or CZ-1, the POKE value 
should be 5.  (The CZ-1 has a different patch file format than the other CZ 
synthesizers, but can still load and use patch files created for the other CZ 
synthesizers.)  If you want to disable the loading of patch files, the POKE 
value should be 0. 

If the current number is not correct, change the number in the line and 
re-enter the line, being careful not to change the line length. 

  SYNTHESIZER                       POKE VALUE 
  CZ-101 or CZ-1000                 1 
  CZ-101 or CZ-1000 with cartridge  3 
  CZ-2000, CZ-3000, or CZ-5000      5 
  synthesizer other than CZ         0 
  patch file loading turned off     0 

Finally, look at line 40: 

  40 SYS 2751,01,02,03:REM DEFAULT CHANNELS FOR VOICES 1, 2, AND 3 

The default values of 1, 2, and 3 should work just fine on your CZ synthesizer. 
 MIDIPLAYER will play voices 1, 2, and 3 on channels 1, 2, and 3.  However, if 
you would like to be able to play along on the keyboard while MIDIPLAYER plays 
a song, change the default channels to 2, 3, and 4.  The keyboard plays on 
channel 1, so this arrangement leaves channel 1 free. 

Remember that if you have made any changes, you can save the modified version 
of the player to the disk, so that you don't have to make the same changes 
every time you run the program. 


PLAYING A SONG 
Run the MIDIPLAYER program and make sure that the synthesizer is turned on.  If 
you are using a CZ-2000, CZ-3000, or CZ-5000, press the button labeled MIDI, 
and then press the VALUE up button once, so that the word Mono appears in the 
upper left corner of the display.  If you are using a CZ-101 or CZ-1000, it is 
not necessary to press any special buttons. 

Select a song on the player and load it.  You should hear the song playing on 
the synthesizer. 

When MIDIPLAYER starts playing a song, it first sends a MIDI message that puts 
the synthesizer in Mono mode with Omni mode off, so that each voice is assigned 
its own channel.  It then transmits note information over the specified 
channels.  The CZ-2000, CZ-3000, and CZ-5000 ignore the MIDI Mono channel mode 
command, which is why you have to select the Mono mode manually on those 
synthesizers. 


MIDIPLAYER CZ SYNTHESIZER DEMO SONG 
The COMMODORE.MUS demonstration song from the Enhanced Sidplayer book has been 
revised to demonstrate how MIDIPLAYER can work with a Casio CZ synthesizer.  
The song has been edited to use various preset tones and channel changes.  If 
you have a CZ synthesizer, be sure to play the song COMMODORE-CZ.  You may get 
some pretty weird results if you play the song on a different synthesizer. 


OCTAVE RANGE 
The Casio CZ synthesizers have a limited octave range and can play notes only 
from C2 to C7 (where C4 is "middle C").  If the synthesizer receives a Note On 
event for a pitch below octave 2, it transposes the note up to octave 2 to play 
it.  Similarly, notes above C7 are transposed down to octave 6 before they are 
played. 


MONO MODE 
When MIDIPLAYER is playing in its default Mono mode, each voice can be set to 
have a different sound.  To set up the voices before playing a song on the 
CZ-101 or CZ-1000, press the button marked MIDI so that the synthesizer display 
shows the word "MIDI," and press the SOLO button so that the red light above it 
is on (indicating that Mono mode is on).  The display should read "MIDI 
CH=01,VO=01" with a blinking cursor under the 01 in "CH=01."  Press the CURSOR 
right button so that the cursor moves to the 01 in "VO=01."  Voice 1 
corresponds to Sidplayer song voice 1 (if the default channels on line 40 of 
the program are 1, 2, and 3), so choosing a sound (Preset or Internal, 1 
through 8 and Select 1 through 8) for VO=01 sets the sound that is heard for 
the first voice. 

Next press the VALUE up key so that the display shows "VO=02."  Synthesizer 
voice 2 corresponds to Sidplayer voice 2, so the sound chosen for VO=02 sets 
the sound for the second voice in the song.  Continue the procedure so that you 
have chosen sounds for the three song voices.  Each voice can have a different 
sound if you like. 

When you are done setting the sounds, press the SOLO button twice to turn Mono 
mode off and on again.  This resets the synthesizer to start on channel 1, and 
resets the display to show "MIDI CH=01,VO=01" again.  The synthesizer is now 
ready to play a song using the selected sounds. 

You can also change the sounds for voices while a song is playing by following 
the above procedure.  This can be a lot of fun.  The synthesizer will be 
somewhat confused by the changes, however, and will not play the correct sounds 
for the voices until you press the SOLO button twice to reset the Mono mode. 

Mono mode works similarly on the CZ-2000, CZ-3000, and CZ-5000, except that 
Mono mode has to be selected manually, and the display is different.  You still 
use the CURSOR and VALUE buttons to change the voice numbers. 


POLY MODE 
Some songs for MIDIPLAYER may have been edited to put the synthesizer in Poly 
mode rather than the default Mono mode.  In that case, the notes for all three 
voices are sent on the same channel, generally channel 1.  The voices must all 
share the same sound, but the polyphonic effect may be more desirable in some 
situations. 

On the CZ-101 and CZ-1000, Poly mode is selected instead of Mono mode when the 
SOLO button is pressed so that the red light is off.  Poly mode is the default 
mode when the synthesizer is turned on.  If you play a song intended for Mono 
mode with the synthesizer set for Poly mode, you will only hear the notes 
played on channel 1.  You can press the MIDI button and then the VALUE up 
button to listen to the notes played on channels 2 and 3, but you will be able 
to hear only one voice at a time. 

The companion document explains how to edit a song so that it automatically 
selects Poly mode and plays all three voices on channel 1. 

On the CZ-2000, CZ-3000, and CZ-5000, Poly mode has to be selected manually.  
The text lines of a song should indicate if the synthesizer should be left in 
its default Poly mode instead of switching to Mono mode. 


PATCH FILES FOR THE CZ SYNTHESIZERS 
The CZ version of MIDIPLAYER has the capability of loading CZ patch files along 
with music, words, and picture files.  A "patch" is a definition of how a voice 
should sound, consisting of waveform, envelope, and other information for the 
synthesizer.  The player loads a file containing sixteen patches and sends the 
patches to the synthesizer, which can then use the new sounds when playing a 
song.  This lets a person creating a song for MIDIPLAYER distribute sounds 
along with the music, so that you can hear the song the exact same way as the 
person who created it. 

The player can load patches to redefine the sixteen internal voices or the 
sixteen cartridge voices (if the optional cartridge is present), or both, on 
the CZ-101 or CZ-1000.  For the CZ-2000, CZ-3000, or CZ-5000, the player can 
load patches to redefine memory banks A through D.  For the CZ-1, the player 
can load patches to redefine banks E through H.  The preset voices on the 
synthesizers cannot be redefined. 

Patch files for the synthesizers are indicated by the filename extensions 
".CZI," ".CZC," and ".CZ5." 

  NAME  VOICES 
  .CZI  CZ-101 or CZ-1000 Internal Voices 1-16 
        CZ-2000 Memory Bank A-1 to A-8 and B-1 to B-8 
        CZ-3000 Memory Bank A-1 to A-8 and B-1 to B-8 
        CZ-5000 Memory Bank A-1 to A-8 and B-1 to B-8 
        CZ-1 Internal Voices E-1 to E-8 and F-1 to F-8 
  .CZC  CZ-101 or CZ-1000 Cartridge Voices 1-16 
  .CZ5  CZ-2000 Memory Bank C-1 to C-8 and D-1 to D-8 
        CZ-3000 Memory Bank C-1 to C-8 and D-1 to D-8 
        CZ-5000 Memory Bank C-1 to C-8 and D-1 to D-8 
        CZ-1 Internal Voices G-1 to G-8 and H-1 to H-8 

For example, let's say that you have set up MIDIPLAYER for CZ-101 or CZ-1000 
patch file loading.  If the player is to play the song COMMODORE.MUS, and there 
is also the file COMMODORE.CZI on the disk, the player will load the 
COMMODORE.CZI file and redefine the sixteen internal voices before loading and 
playing the music file.  If there is a COMMODORE.CZC file as well, and patch 
file loading for the cartridge has been enabled, the COMMODORE.CZC file will 
also be loaded and its patches sent to the cartridge. 

If instead the player was set up for CZ-2000, CZ-3000, or CZ-5000 patch file 
loading, the program would load the file COMMODORE.CZI to redefine the voices 
in memory banks A and B if the file existed, and would load the file 
COMMODORE.CZ5 to redefine the voices in memory banks C and D if the file 
existed. 

MIDIPLAYER will not load patch files if patch file loading is turned off.  As 
was explained in the "Setup" section of this document, a POKE value of 1, 3, or 
5, depending on the synthesizer, must be used in line 31 to enable patch file 
loading.  The POKE value 0 disables the loading of patch files, even if they 
exist on the disk. 


PATCH FILE LOADING ERRORS 
If there is a problem in loading a patch file, or the player encounters a MIDI 
error when transmitting the patches to the synthesizer, the program will stop 
the song loading and print a message saying that there was an error in loading 
the patch file.  If the program doesn't print the error message and just 
freezes up, you can press the Run/Stop key to cancel the load. 

Be sure you have the synthesizer turned on before you load a song, especially 
one with a patch file.  The second MIDI cable running from MIDI OUT on the 
synthesizer to MIDI IN on the interface is also needed in order for patch file 
loading to work. 

The PROTECT switch on the back panel of your CZ synthesizer must be in the OFF 
position in order for the synthesizer to accept new patches. 


CAUTION ON LOADING PATCH FILES 
When MIDIPLAYER loads a patch file and redefines the voices, it overwrites the 
existing voice definitions.  If you don't want to lose the existing 
definitions, either save them in a patch file by using a patch file librarian 
program, or run the player with the patch file loading turned off. 


TRANSMIT PROGRAM CHANGE 
The term "program" also means "tone" or "sound."  The Casio CZ-101, for 
example, has sixteen "preset" tones and sixteen "internal" tones. 

The tone selected for a voice can be changed during a song.  The AUX command 
values 128 to 255 correspond to program numbers 0 to 127.  To make the 
synthesizer switch to a different tone, you simply have to determine the number 
for the tone, add 128 to the number to bring it into the range 128 to 255, and 
use the number in the AUX command.  This is similar to using the WAV command to 
change the waveform on the SID chip. 

The chart below gives the tone numbers and AUX values for the Casio CZ 
synthesizers. 

  CZ-101/1000 TONES          TONE NUMBERS  AUX VALUES 
  Preset 1 to 16             0 to 15       128 to 143 
  Internal No. 1 to No. 16   32 to 47      160 to 175 
  Cartridge No. 1 to No. 16  64 to 79      192 to 207 

  CZ-2000/3000/5000 TONES    TONE NUMBERS  AUX VALUES 
  Preset A-1 to A-8          0 to 7        128 to 135 
  Preset B-1 to B-8          8 to 15       136 to 143 
  Preset C-1 to C-8          16 to 23      144 to 151 
  Preset D-1 to D-8          24 to 31      152 to 159 
  Memory Bank A-1 to A-8     32 to 39      160 to 167 
  Memory Bank B-1 to B-8     40 to 47      168 to 175 
  Memory Bank C-1 to C-8     48 to 55      176 to 183 
  Memory Bank D-1 to D-8     56 to 63      184 to 191 

  CZ-1 TONES                 TONE NUMBERS  AUX VALUES 
  Internal A-1 to A-8        0 to 7        128 to 135 
  Internal B-1 to B-8        8 to 15       136 to 143 
  Internal C-1 to C-8        16 to 23      144 to 151 
  Internal D-1 to D-8        24 to 31      152 to 159 
  Internal E-1 to E-8        32 to 39      160 to 167 
  Internal F-1 to F-8        40 to 47      168 to 175 
  Internal G-1 to G-8        48 to 55      176 to 183 
  Internal H-1 to H-8        56 to 63      184 to 191 

If you are using a Casio CZ-101 or CZ-1000 synthesizer, the following chart 
should also be very helpful.  It lists the program (tone) change AUX command 
values and tone names for the preset and internal voices.  The tones for the 
internal voices can be redefined, and the names in parentheses are the names 
for the initial factory-programmed tones. 

  AUX  TONE  NAME 
  128  0     Preset 1   Brass Ensemble 1 
  129  1     Preset 2   Trumpet 
  130  2     Preset 3   Violin 
  131  3     Preset 4   String Ensemble 1 
  132  4     Preset 5   Electric Piano 
  133  5     Preset 6   Electric Organ 
  134  6     Preset 7   Flute 
  135  7     Preset 8   Synth. Bass 
  136  8     Preset 9   Brass Ensemble 2 
  137  9     Preset 10  Vibraphone 
  138  10    Preset 11  Crispy Xylophone 
  139  11    Preset 12  Synth. Strings 
  140  12    Preset 13  Fairy Tale 
  141  13    Preset 14  Accordion 
  142  14    Preset 15  Whistle 
  143  15    Preset 16  Percussion 

  160  32    Internal No. 1   (Fantastic Piano) 
  161  33    Internal No. 2   (Brass Ensemble 3) 
  162  34    Internal No. 3   (Synth. Glockenspiel) 
  163  35    Internal No. 4   (String Ensemble 2) 
  164  36    Internal No. 5   (Blues Harmonica) 
  165  37    Internal No. 6   (Xylophone) 
  166  38    Internal No. 7   (Fantastic Sound 1) 
  167  39    Internal No. 8   (Fat Bass) 
  168  40    Internal No. 9   (Funky Clavi.) 
  169  41    Internal No. 10  (Soft Organ) 
  170  42    Internal No. 11  (Carillon) 
  171  43    Internal No. 12  (Southern Wing) 
  172  44    Internal No. 13  (Synth. String 2) 
  173  45    Internal No. 14  (Synth. Blocks) 
  174  46    Internal No. 15  (Fantastic Sound 2) 
  175  47    Internal No. 16  (Steel Drum 1) 


SET VOICE CHANNEL 
The Casio CZ synthesizers support only four channels in Mono mode.  In Poly 
mode, either four or eight notes may be played simultaneously on one channel, 
depending on the tone (most tones support only four). 


TRANSMIT CHANNEL MODE 
When MIDIPLAYER starts playing a song, it first transmits a Channel Mode 
message on channel 1 to turn off Omni mode, followed by another message to 
select Mono mode using all available channels.  This puts the synthesizer into 
what is known as channel mode number 4, according to the chart. 

  MODE  OMNI  POLY/MONO 
  1     ON    POLY 
  2     ON    MONO 
  3     OFF   POLY 
  4     OFF   MONO 

The Casio CZ synthesizers do not support Omni mode and ignore Omni on/off 
messages. 


TRANSMIT PORTAMENTO TIME 
The Casio CZ synthesizers allow the portamento time to be set to any value in 
the range 0 to 99.  Smaller values for the AUX commands that set the portamento 
rate give faster rates. 


SET NOTE ON VELOCITY 
The Casio CZ synthesizers do not support keyboard velocities, so using the AUX 
commands to change the velocity value will have no effect on these 
synthesizers. 


HOW TO MAKE A CZ PATCH FILE 
Making a Casio CZ synthesizer patch file for a MIDIPLAYER song is easy.  Just 
take a patch file in the Dr. T patch file format and rename it to have the name 
of the music file and the appropriate filename extension.  The extension 
indicates which synthesizer tones are to be redefined by the patches in the 
file, as shown in this chart: 

  NAME  VOICES 
  .CZI  CZ-101 or CZ-1000 Internal Voices 1-16 
        CZ-2000 Memory Bank A-1 to A-8 and B-1 to B-8 
        CZ-3000 Memory Bank A-1 to A-8 and B-1 to B-8 
        CZ-5000 Memory Bank A-1 to A-8 and B-1 to B-8 
        CZ-1 Internal Voices E-1 to E-8 and F-1 to F-8 
  .CZC  CZ-101 or CZ-1000 Cartridge Voices 1-16 
  .CZ5  CZ-2000 Memory Bank C-1 to C-8 and D-1 to D-8 
        CZ-3000 Memory Bank C-1 to C-8 and D-1 to D-8 
        CZ-5000 Memory Bank C-1 to C-8 and D-1 to D-8 
        CZ-1 Internal Voices G-1 to G-8 and H-1 to H-8 

Dr. T patch files are 10 block long SEQ files containing sixteen patches.  They 
can be created by using the CZ Patch File Librarian sold by Dr. T, or by using 
the Public Domain patch file librarian programs that support Dr. T patch files. 
 These programs let you create new patches on your synthesizer and save them on 
disk, or load patch files from other people and send them to your synthesizer.  
They also let you move individual patches from one file to another, so you can 
create one patch file consisting of just the patches you want.