%2******THE TOPIC SENTENCE******I4******************************m6************BY****************8******************************:*********DANIEL FLINN*********<******************************>**UNIVERSITY OF EAST AFRICA***! @******************************E B***P.O. BOX 2500**************i D****************************** F*******ELDORET,KENYA********** _:53272,21 d"":53280,0:53281,0 nI11441183:I,102:I54272,7:I xI1183170340:I,102:I54272,7:I0 I170316641:I,102:I54272,7:IZ I1664114440:I,102:I54272,7:I 9)"THE PARAGRAPH SERIES" 9)" THE TOPIC SENTENCE " 18)"A" 15)"TUTORIAL" T11000:T 7)"PRESS RETURN FOR OPTIONS" 8000$ A$:A$""2007 A$(13)200@ ""r ""4)" " 4)" " 4)" " 4)" " 4)" "D 4)" "n 4)" " 4)" " 4)" " 4)" " 4)" "4 "":14)"OPTIONS"\ 5)" F1 =TEACHER INSTRUCTIONS" 5)" F3 =STUDENT INSTRUCTIONS" 5)" F5 =TUTORIAL I150040:A1186I:B1215I A,102:A54272,2:B,102:B54272,2:I I130:A1186I:B1666I7A,102:A54272,2:B,102:B54272,2:Ic" CHOOSE ONE "sT1200:T" CHOOSE ONE ""T1200:T,A$:A$""2606A$""A$""A$""260@A$""400JA$""427TA$""460>"":7)" TEACHER INSTRUCTIONS ""THIS PROGRAM IS DESIGNED TO BE USED IN CONJUNCTION WITH A ";"COMPOSITION COURSE.ITIS UNDERSTOOD THAT IN ITSELF, THE ";"PRO- GRAM IS INADEQUATE TO TEACH A STUDENT HOW TO ACTUALLY WRITE A ";]"WELL ORGANIZED, COHERENT PARAGRAPH. THE PROGRAM IS, HOWEVER,";r"A GOOD START.""THERE IS AN OPTIONAL ASSIGNMENT AT THE END OF THE PROGRAM."T17000:T:800012)" PRESS RETURN "A$:A$""423A$(13)423220H"":8)" STUDENT INSTRUCTIONS ""THIS PROGRAM IS DESIGNED TO TEACH YOU HOW TO RECOGNIZE ";"AND USE GOOD TOPIC SENTENCES.""SINCE THE TOPIC SENTENCE IS THE KEY TO ACOHERENT, WELL ORGANIZED ";J"PARAGRAPH, IT IS ESSENTIAL THAT YOU LEARN TO USE IT CORRECTLY.""FOLLOW ALL INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY AND TYPE RESPONSES EXACTLY ";"AS THEY APPEAR INTHE SENTENCES."T17000:T:800011)" PRESS RETURN "A$:A$""455A$(13)455!220K"":53272,23:12)" BJECTIVES "q"HE STUDENT WILL BE ABLE TO:3)"A)ECOGNIZE AND DEFINE A TOPIC SENTENCE"3)"B)DENTIFY THE CONTROLLING IDEA""3)"C)ARROW A TOPIC SUITABLE FOR A PARAGRAPH"d3)"D)DENTIFY A COHERENT, WELL ORGANIZED PARAGRAPH"{T17000:T:800011)" RESS ETURN "A$:A$""492A$(13)492"":12)" ESSON #1 ""HAT IS A TOPIC SENTENCE?"F3)"1)HE TOPIC SENTENCE IS THE MAIN SENTENCE OF ";\"THE PARAGRAPH."3)"2)HE TOPIC SENTENCE GUIDES OR CON- TROLS THE "; "PARAGRAPH."3)"3)HE TOPIC SENTENCE NARROWS THE TOPIC TO ";"SUITABLE SIZE FOR DISCUSSION."W3)"4)HE TOPIC SENTENCE LETS THE READER KNOW WHAT ";z!"THE PARAGRAPH WILL DISCUSS."$T12000:T&"TOPIC SENTENCE"(I13841423:I,121:I54272,14:T125:T:I+T12000:T0"TOPIC SENTENCE"K2I15441583:I,121:I54272,13:T125:T:I\5T12000:T~:"TOPIC SENTENCE"<I17041743:I,121:I54272,4:T125:T:I?T12000:TD"TOPIC SENTENCE"FI18641903:I,121:I54272,3:T125:T:I#GT1700:T-H8000KI11)" RESS RETURN "^NA$:A$""590qSA$(13)590XI10242023:I,32:I]"HAT IS A TOPIC SENTENCE NOT?"b2)"1)HE TOPIC SENTENCE IS NOT ALWAYS THE FIRST ";g"SENTENCE IN A PARAGRAPH."[l2)"2)HE TOPIC SENTENCE IS NOT THE SAME AS THE TITLE ";tq"OF THE PARAGRAPH."v2)"3)HE TOPIC SENTENCE ISN'T A FRAGMENT; IT IS ";{"ALWAYS A COMPLETE SENTENCE."2)"4)HE TOPIC SENTENCE IS NOT SEPARATED FROM ";5"THE REST OF THE PARAGRAPH."T11)" RESS ETURN "^8000qA$:A$""673A$(13)673"TOPIC SENTENCE"T12000:T"TOPIC SENTENCE"T12000:T"TOPIC SENTENCE""T12000:TD"TOPIC SENTENCE"UT12000:TjT1500::800010)" RESS 1 "A$:A$""700A$""700"":" ESSON 1 CONTINUED ""OME OF THE ITEMS BELOW ARE TOPICS AND SOME ARE TITLES.";J" ONE IS A TOPIC SENTENCE! TUDY THEM "VCT16"CAREFULLY."T1300:T"CAREFULLY."T1300:TCT500080003)" RESS PACE AR OR NALYSIS "-A$:A$""755@A$(32)755r" TOPIC "T1700:T" TITLE "T1700:T " TOPIC " T1700:T#" TITLE "3T1700:T^" TOPIC "n T1700:T%" TITLE "*T1700:T/" TOPIC "180004"  RESS ETURN "#9A$:A$""8256>A$(13)825[H"":CT1920:(18);" ";:CTkRT1500:T\"":(142):5000]2040,13:N062:Q:832N,Q:^V53248:V21,1:V39,7:V29,1:V1,100_J0347:HY(J256):LYJ256HY `V,LY:V16,HY: a50008 b"":I1360:(18);" ";:IB d8000m f5)" PRESS F1 TO DECODE MESSAGE" kA$:A$""875 pA$""875 rI15441583:I,224:I54272,6:I z(14) |T12000:T:8000!4)"  RESS PACE AR O CCEPT  ""!A$:A$""9005!A$(32)900Y!"":" ESSON 1 CONTINUED "!"! OW THAT YOU ARE SERIOUS ABOUT LEARNING ABOUT THE ";!"TOPIC SENTENCE, LET'SLOOK AT A FEW EXAMPLES OF TOPIC SENTEN- CES:"!T12000:T"5000&""":" ESSON 1 CONTINUED "c""ASICALLY THERE ARE TWO PARTS TO A TOPICSENTENCE.";""HERE IS THE MAIN STATEMENT ANDTHERE IS THE CONTROLLING IDEA."""HE CONTROLLING IDEA IS THE MOST IMPOR- TANT PART OF THE ";;#"TOPIC SENTENCE,FOR IT NARROWS OR LIMITS THE RANGE OF THE ";#"DIS- CUSSION AND LETS THE READER KNOW ON WHATSPECIFIC DETAIL(S) ";#"THE WRITER PLANS TO FOCUS."#"HE CONTROLLING IDEA MAY CONSIST OF ONE WORD OR IT ";$"MAY BE COMPOSED OF SEVERAL WORDS."+$T18000::8000J$11)" RESS ETURN "]$A$:A$""990p$A$(13)990$"":" ESSON 1 CONTINUED "$"ET'S EXAMINE THOSE SAME TOPIC SENTENCESAGAIN TO SEE ";$"WHERE THE CONTROLLING IDEASARE."%:X179:D$:X:5000!%8000k%"RESS PACE AR O EE ONTROLLING DEAS IN HITE"%A$:A$""1025%A$(32)1025% I5560055614:I,1:T150:T:I%T1700:T:I5568155716:I,1:T150:T,I&T1700:T:I5578855798:I,1:T150:T,IL&T1700:T:I5591755949:I,1:T150:T,I}&T1700:T:I5603356052:I,1:T150:T,I&!8000&$"  RESS ETURN "&)A$:A$""1065&.A$(13)1065'3"":" ESSON 1 CONTINUED "_'="ET'S EXAMINE THE FIRST TOPIC SENTENCE IN MORE DETAIL:"'B" ARLEY INKWITCH IS A SLOPPY DRESSER."'G" ESPOND TO THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS ABOUT A POSSIBLE ";(I"PARAGRAPH BASED ON THISTOPIC SENTENCE BY PLACING A (+) ";A(L"FOR TRUEAND A (-) FOR FALSE:"O(QZ3:5100^(TP31130(VP3"HAT'S NOT GOOD ENOUGH!"([" LEASE TRY AGAIN "(`T12000:T::X185:D$:X:P0:1075 )j" HAT IS PRETTY GOOD!"47)"E'LL GO ON NOW..."5)oT12000::""T)t" ESSON 1 CONTINUED ")y"OU MUST HAVE GUESSED BY NOW THAT THE CONTROLLING IDEA ";)~"(SLOPPY DRESSER) LIMITSTHE PARAGRAPH'S DISCUSSION TO ";#*"ONLY THOSESPECIFIC DETAILS ABOUT ARLEY'S SLOPPY APPEARANCE."l*"NY OTHER IDEAS WOULD DESTROY THE UNITY OR COHERENCE ";*"OF THE PARAGRAPH."*" GOOD WRITER WILL STICK TO THE CONTROL-LING IDEA OF THE ";*"TOPIC SENTENCE."*T18000:T:8000+11)" RESS ETURN "*+A$:A$""1185>+A$(13)1185^+" ESSON 1 CONTINUED "+"YPE IN A (Y) IF THE SENTENCE WILL SUIT THE TOPIC ";+"SENTENCE AND A (N) IF IT WILL NOT.";+"(ARLEY IS A SLOPPY DRESSER.),Z5:5100","LESSON 1 CONTINUED "i," ET'S LOOK AT AN ENTIRE PARAGRAPH BEGINNING WITH THE ";,"TOPIC SENTENCE WE'VE BEEN STUDYING.",5000,I16641703:I,160:I54272,5:I-"O YOU SEE HOW THE CONTROLLING IDEA GUIDES THE ";-"PARAGRAPH?"0-T15000:T:8000N-11)" RESS ETURN "b-A$:A$""1260v-A$(13)1260-""12)" ESSON 2 "-"ET'S REVIEW WHAT WE HAVE LEARNED ABOUT THE TOPIC ";-"SENTENCE:"#.2)"1)HE TOPIC SENTENCE IS ALWAYS A COM- PLETE SENTENCE."a. 2)"2)HE TOPIC SENTENCE, THOUGH USUALLY THE FIRST ";."SENTENCE IN THE PARAGRAPH, MAYAPPEAR IN OTHER LOCATIONS.".2)"3) TOPIC SENTENCE MUST HAVE A CON- TROLLING IDEA ";/"WHICH NARROWS OR LIMITS THE TOPIC OF DISCUSSION."_/2)"4)HE TOPIC SENTENCE IS NOT SEPARATED FROM THE REST ";x/#"OF THE PARAGRAPH."/%T18000:T:8000/(11)" RESS ETURN "/-A$:A$""1325/2A$(13)1325/7" OPIC ENTENCE ONTINUED "A0<"KAY! ET'S LOOK AT ANOTHER OF OUR TOPICSENTENCE EXAMPLES.";0A"YPE A (Y) IF THE SEN-TENCE WILL GO WITH THE CONTROLLING IDEA ";0F"AND A (N) IF IT WILL NOT FIT."0K"Y FRIEND ETH IS A LOT OF FUN TO BE AROUND."0PZ4:5100!1U" OPIC ENTENCE ONTINUED "c1Z"OW WE WILL EXAMINE A SECOND PARAGRAPH IN ITS ENTIRETY:"1_" Y FRIEND ETH IS A LOT OF FUN TO BE AROUND.";1d"OR ONE THING, SHE ALWAYS SEES THE BRIGHT SIDE OF LIFE.";/2i" HE'S ALSO CREATIVE AND INVENTIVE AND SHE SHOWS US HOW TO HAVE ";m2n"A GOOD TIME ON LITTLE MONEY.ESIDES THAT, SHE ALWAYS ";2s"LOOKS OUT FOR THE OTHER PERSON. HE CARES ABOUT OTHERSFIRST.";2x"T'S NO WONDER ETH IS SO POPULAR WITH EVERYONE AT SCHOOL!" 3zT112000::8000-3}11)" RESS ETURN "A3A$:A$""1410U3A$(13)1410y3I18641903:I,32:I54272,0:3I17041743:I,160:I54272,5:T120:T:I3CT153" LEASE OTE "3T1250:T/4" LEASE OTE "?4T1250:TG4CT4"O YOU SEE HOW EVERY SENTENCE MUST REFERDIRECTLY TO THE ";4"CONTROLLING IDEA OF THE TOPIC SENTENCE?"4T13000::8000411)" RESS ETURN "5A$:A$""14455A$(13)144595I17441903:I,32:I54272,0:I5"F THE MAIN SENTENCES DO NOT RELATE TO THE CONTROLLING ";5"IDEA, THEY DO NOT BELONGIN THE PARAGRAPH!"5T13000::80005A$:A$""14705A$(13)14706I17441903:I,32:I54272,0:I[6"S YOU CAN SEE HERE, EACH SENTENCE EX- PLAINS HOW OR WHY ";6"ETH IS FUN TO BE AROUND."6T13000::80006A$:A$""14956A$(13)14956I17441903:I,32:I54272,0:I$7"T JUST SO HAPPENS THAT THE TOPIC SEN- TENCE COMES ";g7"FIRST IN THIS EXAMPLE.T MAYAPPEAR IN OTHER PLACES AS WELL."}7T13000::80007A$:A$""15207A$(13)15207""14)" ESSON 2 "7"  ARROWING THE TOPIC "/83)"OW THAT WE KNOW WHAT A TOPIC SEN- TENCE ";j8 "IS AND HOW THE CONTROLLING IDEA GUIDES THE ";8"PARAGRAPH. ET'S SEE HOW TO NARROW A TOPIC TO ";8"A SUITABLE LENGTH--IN THIS CASE--PARAGRAPH LENGTH."$9T14000:T:11)" RESS ETURN ":800089A$:A$""1565L9"A$(13)15659'I1440 40:A1064I:B1102I:A,160:A54272,69(B,160:B54272,6:I9)I14651503:I,160:I54272,6:9,T13000::800091A$:A$""1585:3I18641903:I,160:I54272,0:>:6I139:A1544I:B1904I:A,160:A54272,4W:;B,160:B54272,4:I:@I140040:A1544I:B1582I:A,160:A54272,4:EB,160:B54272,4:I:J3)"E WILL USE THE CONTROLLING IDEA TO";T3)"NARROW THE TOPIC SUFFICIENTLY FOR A"";Y3)"SINGLE PARAGRAPH."9;^T13000:T:8000X;h12)" RESS ETURN "l;mA$:A$""1645;rA$(13)1645;w""8)" ARROWING HE OPIC";|" OTICE THAT THE FOLLOWING TOPIC SEN- TENCES MAY INVOLVE ";/<"PAPERS OF DIFFERENT LENGTHS. S YOU EXAMINE EACH SENTENCE, ";i<" ASK YOURSELF WHAT SIZE PAPER WOULD FIT EACH ONE."<T15000:T:5000<T16000::8000<4)" RESS PACE AR OR NALYSIS "<A$:A$""1690<A$(32)1690="^(SEVERAL PAGES)"F=T11000:T:"^(1TO3 PARAGRAPHS)"m=T11000:T:"^(A BOOK)"=T11000:T:"^(A SINGLE PARAGRAPH)"=T14000:T:8000="  RESS ETURN "=A$:A$""1725>A$(13)17256>""8)" ARROWING HE OPIC "{>"EAD EACH TOPIC SENTENCE AND PLACE A (P)FOR PARAGRAPH ";>"LENGTH OR AN (M) FOR MORE THAN A PARAGRAPH.">Z5:5100>""13)" UMMARY "!?"OU CAN SEE NOW THAT A GOOD PARAGRAPH BEGINS WITH A GOOD ";`?"TOPIC SENTENCE WHICH CONTAINS A SUFFICIENTLY NARROWED ";}?"CON- TROLLING IDEA."?"OU CAN AS WELL OBSERVE THAT A GOOD WRITER WILL STICK TO ";@"THE CONTROLLING IDEA SO THAT THE PARAGRAPH WILL BE CO- HERENT ";#@"OR UNIFIED."g@"INALLY, YOU CAN SEE THAT THE BEGINNING WRITER WILL FIND ";@"IT EASIER TO PLACE THE TOPIC SENTENCE AT THE BEGINNING OF ";@ "THE PARAGRAPH."A"RY TO REMEMBER THESE POINTS THE NEXT TIME YOU WRITE A PARAGRAPH.";8A"HEY COULD COME IN QUITE HANDY."PAT110000:T:8000mA11)" RESS ETURN "A!A$:A$""1825A&A$(13)1825A'"":10)" BREAKDOWN "A("YOUR SCORE WAS ";P"!"A)"17 = EXCELLENT/OUTSTANDING"B*"16 = VERY GOOD"0B+"15 = GOOD/ACCEPTABLE"XB,"14 OR BELOW REQUIRES REVISION"zB-11)" PRESS RETURN "B.A$:A$""1838B/A$(13)1838B0"":53272,21:13)" OPTIONS ":T11000:T C1I1081128140:I,160:I54272,4:T125:T:I1C2I1204128239:I,78:I54272,4:XC3I1198128041:I,77:I54272,4:C4I13041343:I,160:I54272,13:IC5I1343174340:I,160:I54272,13:C:I174317041:I,160:I54272,13:C?I1704130440:I,160:I54272,13:%DD5)"F1 = REPEAT TUTORIAL"CDI5)"F3 = ASSIGNMENT"cDN5)"F5 = QUIT PROGRAM"DS" CHOOSE ONE "DXT1150:TD]" CHOOSE ONE "DbT1150:TDgA$:A$""1875ElA$""A$""A$""1875.EqA$""95@EvA$""2000yEA$""" THANK YOU FOR USING THIS PROGRAM!"EE""11)" ASSIGNMENT "E"1)WRITE OUT THREE TOPIC SENTENCES FOR A DESCRIPTION OF ";F"YOUR ROOM AT HOME."IF"2)CHOOSE ONE OF THOSE TOPIC SENTENCES AND WRITE A 100-150 ";`F"WORD PARAGRAPH."F11)" PRESS RETURN "FA$:A$""2030FA$(13)2030F"BE SURE TO COPY DOWN THE ASSIGNMENT BEFORE YOU TURN OFF THE ";G"COMPUTER." G"HAVE A NICE DAY!":&G.GD$CGD$"STOP"5050VGD$"RETURN"eGI1(D$)vG(D$,I,1) ;GT150:T,IGG5000G11)" RESS ETURN "G8000GA$:A$""5055GA$(13)5055GGL1ZHD$,D1$ HD$;H R$:R$D1$7000:"ORRECT!":PP1wHR$D1$7500:"RONG! ORRECT ANSWER=(";D1$")"~HLH"OUR TOTAL SCORE="PHT11000:T:8000H11)" RESS ETURN "HA$:A$""5150H#A$(13)5150H(IIp"1)ARS...","2)OW O AKE RIENDS...","3)EBUILDING ENGINES..."|Iz"4)Y EST RIEND...","5)AKING MONEY..."I"6)UR TRANGE ISITOR...","7)ATCHING FISH...","STOP"I" MESSAGE NOW COMING IN FROM THE OUTER"J"REACHES OF THE ENGLISH EMPIRE.STANDBY"7J"FOR DECODING:","RETURN"zJ32,0,0,48,0,0,56,0,0,60,0,0,63,0,0,33,0,0,33,248,0,63,255,128J33,248,0,33,0,0,63,0,0,60,0,0,56,0,0,32,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0J0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 K"ՠŠΠΠϠˠ "6K"̠.ՠԠԠ"aK"ԠŠà.","RETURN"K"1)ARLEY INKWITCH IS A SLOPPY DRESSER."K"2)Y BEST FRIEND ETH IS A LOT OF FUN TO BE AROUND."L"3)HERE ARE FOUR STEPS TO KNOW ABOUT CHANGING A FLAT TIRE."YL"4) CAN STILL RECALL MY MOST EMBARRAS- SING MOMENT."L"5)UR HOUSE IS A ICTORIAN REPLICA.","STOP"L"1)HE PARAGRAPH WOULD BE ALL ABOUT ARLEY.","-" M"2)HE PARAGRAPH MIGHT DISCUSS HIS APPEARANCE.","+"LM"3)HE PARAGRAPH COULD DISCUSS HIS LOVE FOR DOGS.","-"M"1)IS SHIRT IS RARELY BUTTONED PROPERLY.","Y"M"2)IS ROOM IS USUALLY UNTIDY","N"M"3)ARLEY'S SOCKS ARE NEVER MATED.","Y"&N"4)IS SHOES HAVE NOT HAD ACQUAINTANCE WITH POLISH FOR SOME TIME."fN"Y","5)ARLEY CANNOT SEEM TO GET TO CLASS ON TIME.","N"N" ARLEY INKWITCH IS A SLOPPY DRESSER."N "IS SHIRT IS RARELY BUTTONED PROPERLY."N"NE PANT LEG USUALLY HANGS DOWN LOWER"$O "THAN THE OTHER ONE. IS SOCKS ARE RARELY"TO"MATED. IS SHOES HAVE NOT BEEN POLISHED"O "FOR SOME TIME.OOR ARLEY IS TRULY A MESS!","STOP"O$"1)HE MAKES EVERYTHING SEEM INTERESTING.","Y"P)"2)HE SHOWS US THE HUMOROUS SIDE OF LIFE.","Y"-P."3)ETH IS A VERY TIDY PERSON.","N"aP3"4)HE IS CAREFUL ABOUT HOW SHE DRESSES.","N"P8"1)PORTS CARS CAN BE FUN."PB"2)HERE ARE THREE THINGS LIKE ABOUT BASKETBALL."PL"3)DOLPH ITLER WAS AN INTERESTING MAN."?QV"4)Y BEDROOM WINDOW VIEW REVEALS A NATURAL WONDERLAND."MQ["RETURN"Q`"1)ANDY HAS AN OUTGOING PERSONALITY.","P"Qe"2)ET'S DISCUSS LIONS.","M"Qj"3)ABIES REQUIRE SPECIAL TREATMENT.","M"Ro"4)OMETIMES PETS SEEM LIKE PEOPLE.","P"3Rt"5)AISING A BEAR CAN BE QUITE A TASK!","M"PRXS54272:ESS28:E,0:nRbS24,15:S5,42:S6,250RlS4,33:S1,23:S,181RvT1200::S4,32:T1500:RRLS54272:ESS28:E,0:RVS24,15:S5,18:S6,242S`S4,33:S1,4:S,48'SjT1300::S4,32:T1800:-StJS@S54272:ESS28:E,0:hSJS24,15:S5,42:S6,181STS4,17:S1,20:S,181S^T1200::S4,25:T1200:Sh