COMAL Syntax:  C-64 / Version 0.14
 
 
 Note:  Items in brackets ([]) are optional.
 
 // -- allows comments in a program
  //[<anything>]
 
 ABS -- returns absolute value
  ABS(<numeric expression>)
 
 AND -- logical AND
  <expression> AND <expression>
 
 APPEND -- start at end of seq file
  OPEN [FILE] <file#>,<filename>,APPEND
 
 ATN -- returns arctangent in radians
  ATN(<numeric expression>)
 
 AUTO -- automatic line numbering
  AUTO [<start line>][,<increment>]
 
 BASIC -- return to BASIC mode
  BASIC
 
 CASE -- multiple choice decisions
  CASE <control expression> [OF]
 
 CAT -- disk catalog (directory)
  CAT [<drive number>]
 
 CHAIN -- load & run program on disk
  CHAIN <filename>
 
 CHR$ -- returns CBM ASCII code; inverse of ORD
  CHR$(<numeric expression>)
 
 CLOSE -- closes files
  CLOSE [[FILE] <filenum>]
  CLOSE with no file # closes all open files

 CLOSED -- makes all proc/func variables local
  PROC <procname>[(params)] [CLOSED]
  FUNC <funcname>[(params)] [CLOSED]
 
 CON -- continue program execution
  CON
 
 COS -- returns cosine (angle in radians)
  COS(<numeric expression>)
 
 DATA -- provides data for a READ
  DATA <value>[,<value>][,...]
 
 DEL -- deletes lines
  DEL <range>
 
 DELETE -- deletes a file from disk
  DELETE <filename>
 
 DIM -- reserve/allocate string/array space
  DIM <string var> OF <max char>
  DIM <str array>(<index>) OF <max char>
  DIM <array name>(<index>)
 
 DIV -- division with integer answer
  <dividend> DIV <divisor>
 
 DO -- do the following statements
  DO <statements>
 
 EDIT -- list lines without indentations
  EDIT [<range>]
 
 ELIF -- short for ELSE IF condition
  ELIF <expression> [THEN]
 
 ELSE -- alternative statements in IF structure
  ELSE
 
 END -- halt program execution
  END
 
 ENDCASE -- end of CASE structure
  ENDCASE
 
 ENDFOR -- end of FOR structure
  ENDFOR [<control variable>]
 
 ENDFUNC -- end of function
  ENDFUNC [<function name>]
 
 ENDIF -- end of IF structure
  ENDIF
 
 ENDPROC -- end of procedure
  ENDPROC [<procedure name>]
 
 ENDWHILE -- end of WHILE structure
  ENDWHILE
 
 ENTER -- merge LISTed program segment from disk
  ENTER <filename>
 
 EOD -- End Of Data flag
  EOD
 
 EOF -- End Of File flag
  EOF(<filenum>)
 
 ESC -- stop key pressed flag
  ESC
  TRAP ESC<type>
 
 EXEC -- execute a procedure
  [EXEC] <procname>[(<parameter list>)]
 
 EXP -- returns e^n (e=base of natural logs=2.18281828459045+)
  EXP(<numeric expression>)
 
 FALSE -- predefined value = 0
  FALSE
 
 FILE -- specifies file I/O is to be used
  INPUT FILE <file#>[,<rec#>]: <varlist>
  PRINT FILE <file#>[,<rec#>]: <varlist>
  READ  FILE <file#>[,<rec#>]: <varlist>
  WRITE FILE <file#>[,<rec#>]: <varlist>
  OPEN [FILE] <file#>,<filenam>[,<type>]
  CLOSE [[FILE] <file#>]
 
 FOR -- start of FOR loop structure
  FOR <var>:=<start> TO <end> [STEP <s>]
 
 FUNC -- start of a multiline function
  FUNC <name>[(<params>)] [CLOSED]
 
 GOTO -- go to line with this label
  GOTO <label name>
 
 IF -- start of conditional IF structure
  IF <condition> [THEN]
  IF <condition> THEN <statement>
 
 IN -- returns position of string1 within string2
  <string1> IN <string2>
 
 INPUT -- input from keyboard or file
  INPUT [<prompt>:] <varlist>
  INPUT FILE <file#>[,<rec#>]:<varlist>
 
 INT -- returns truncated integer value
  INT(<numeric expression>)
 
 KEY$ -- current key pressed
  KEY$
 
 LABEL -- assign a label
  <label name>:
 
 LEN -- returns string length
  LEN(<string expression>)
 
 LET -- assign value to variable
  :=   or   :+    or   :-
  A:+B -> A:=A+B;  A:-B -> A:=A-B
 
 LIST -- list program
  LIST [<range>] [<filename>]
  LIST <filename> puts list file on disk
 
 LOAD -- load a program from disk
  LOAD <filename>
 
 LOG -- returns natural logarithm of n
  LOG(<numeric expression>)
 
 MOD -- remainder of division (modulo)
  <dividend> MOD <divisor>
 
 NEW -- clears program from memory
  NEW
 
 NEXT -- alternate form of ENDFOR
  NEXT [<control variable>]
 
 NOT -- logical NOT
  NOT <condition>
 
 NULL -- does nothing (no op)
  NULL
 
 OF -- part of DIM or CASE structure
  CASE <expression> [OF]
  DIM <stringvar> OF <max char>
  DIM <stringarray>(index) OF <max char>
 
 OPEN -- open a file
  OPEN [FILE] <file#>,<filenam>[,UNIT <dev>[,<secondary address>]][,<type>]
 
 OR -- logical OR
  <condition> OR <condition>
 
 ORD -- returns integer representing character; inverse of CHR$
  ORD(<string expression>)
 
 OTHERWISE -- default for CASE
  OTHERWISE
 
 OUTPUT -- select output location
  SELECT [OUTPUT] <type>
  <type> is either "DS:" (for Display Screen) or "LP:" (for Line Printer)
  
 PASS -- pass string to disk command chan
  PASS <disk command>
 
 PEEK -- returns value of memory at address
  PEEK(<memory address>)
 
 POKE -- change memory location
  POKE <memory address>,<contents>
 
 PRINT -- print items to screen/printer/file
  PRINT [FILE <#>:] [<varlist>]
  PRINT [FILE <#>:] USING <format>:<varlist>
  (RANDOM file use: [FILE <#>,<rec#>:])
 
 PROC -- start of multiline procedure
  PROC <name>[(<params>)] [CLOSED]
 
 RANDOM -- random access file type
  OPEN FILE <#>,<filenam>,RANDOM <recln>
 
 READ -- read data from DATA line or file
  READ <varlist>
  READ FILE <file#>[,<rec#>]: <varlist>
  OPEN [FILE] <filenum>,<filename>,READ
 
 REF -- designates call by reference parameter in PROC or FUNC
  REF <var>
 
 RENUM -- renumber program
  RENUM [<targetstart>][,<increment>]
 
 REPEAT -- start of REPEAT structure
  REPEAT
 
 RESTORE -- reuse DATA with READ
  RESTORE
 
 RND -- returns random number
  RND(<num>)
  RND(<start num>:<end num>)
 
 RUN -- run program now in memory
  RUN
 
 SAVE -- record program on disk
  SAVE <filename>
 
 SELECT -- choose output location
  SELECT [OUTPUT] <type>
  <type> is either "DS:" (for Display Screen) or "LP:" (for Line Printer)
 
 SGN -- returns -1 if negative, 0 if zero, 1 if positive
  SGN(<numeric expression>)
 
 SIN -- returns sine (angle in radians)
  SIN(<numeric expression>)
 
 SIZE -- show amount of free memory
  SIZE
 
 SQR -- returns square root
  SQR(<numeric expression>)
 
 STATUS$ -- displays or returns disk channel status
  STATUS$
 
 STEP -- increment FOR loop by this amount
  STEP <numeric expression>
 
 STOP -- halt program execution
  STOP
 
 SYS -- transfer control to machine code
  SYS(<memory address>)
 
 TAB -- print spaces to specified column
  TAB(<column number>)
 
 TAN -- returns tangent (angle in radians)
  TAN(<numeric expression>)
 
 THEN -- part of IF structure
  THEN
 
 TO -- increment FOR variable start TO end
  <start num> TO <end num>
 
 TRAP -- disable stop key
  TRAP ESC<type>
 
 TRUE -- predefined value of 1
  TRUE
 
 UNIT -- specify unit (device)
  OPEN [FILE] <file#>,<filenam>[,UNIT <dev>[,<secondary address>]][,<type>]
 
 UNTIL -- end of REPEAT loop
  UNTIL <expression>
 
 USING -- formatted output
  PRINT USING <format>: <varlist>
 
 WHEN -- choice in CASE structure
  WHEN <list of values>
 
 WHILE -- start of WHILE structure
  WHILE <expression> [DO] [<statement>]
 
 WRITE -- write to a file
  WRITE FILE <file#>[,<rec#>]: <varlist>
  OPEN [FILE] <filenum>,<filename>,WRITE
 
 ZONE -- sets or returns tab interval
  ZONE <tab interval> - sets interval
  ZONE - returns interval (x:=ZONE)



 HIGH-RES & TURTLE GRAPHICS

 
 BACK -- move turtle backwards
  BACK <length>
 
 BACKGROUND -- set screen background color
  BACKGROUND <color number>
 
 BORDER -- set screen border color
  BORDER <color number>
 
 CLEAR -- clear the graphics screen
  CLEAR
 
 DRAWTO -- draw line from current point
  DRAWTO <x coordinate>,<y coordinate>
 
 FILL -- fill in area with current color
  FILL <x coordinate>,<y coordinate>
 
 FORWARD -- move turtle forward
  FORWARD <length>
 
 FRAME -- set up a screen window
  FRAME <x0>,<x1>,<y0>,<y1>
 
 FULLSCREEN -- fullscreen graphics (F5)
  FULLSCREEN
 
 HIDETURTLE -- make the turtle invisible
  HIDETURTLE
 
 HOME -- put turtle in its home position
  HOME
 
 LEFT -- turn turtle left
  LEFT <degrees>
 
 MOVETO -- move to x,y point without line
  MOVETO <x coordinate>,<y coordinate>
 
 PENCOLOR -- set current pen color
  PENCOLOR <color number>
 
 PENDOWN -- put pen down-turtle draws line
  PENDOWN
 
 PENUP -- pick up pen-turtle doesn't draw
  PENUP
 
 PLOT -- plot a point in current color
  PLOT <x coordinate>,<y coordinate>
 
 PLOTTEXT -- print text on graphics screen
  PLOTTEXT <x coordinate>,<y coordinate>,<text$>
 
 RIGHT -- turn turtle right
  RIGHT <degrees>
 
 SETGRAPHIC -- turn on graphics screen
  SETGRAPHIC [<type>]
 
 SETHEADING -- set turtle heading
  SETHEADING <degree>
 
 SETTEXT -- turn on text screen (F1)
  SETTEXT
 
 SETXY -- set turtle x and y coordinates
  SETXY <x coordinate>,<y coordinate>
 
 SHOWTURTLE -- make turtle visible
  SHOWTURTLE
 
 SPLITSCREEN -- 2 text lines above graphics screen (F3)
  SPLITSCREEN
 
 TURTLESIZE -- set turtle size (0 to 10)
  TURTLESIZE <size>



 SPRITES


 DATACOLLISION -- test collision with data
  DATACOLLISION <sprite#>,<reset collision flag>
 
 DEFINE -- set up sprite image for lateruse
  DEFINE <sprite definition #>,<64 byte def$>
 
 HIDESPRITE -- turn off specified sprite
  HIDESPRITE <sprite number>
 
 IDENTIFY -- assign an image to a sprite
  IDENTIFY <sprite number>,<definition#>
  (note: sprite 7 is used for turtle)
 
 PRIORITY -- data priority over sprite?
  PRIORITY <sprite #>,<data priority?>
 
 SPRITEBACK -- set 2 sprite multicolors
  SPRITEBACK <color1>,<color2>
 
 SPRITECOLLISION -- test sprite collision
  SPRITECOLLISION <sprite#>,<reset collision flag>
 
 SPRITECOLOR -- set sprite color
  SPRITECOLOR <sprite #>,<color number>
 
 SPRITEPOS -- put sprite at x,y location
  SPRITEPOS <sprite#>,<x coordinate>,<y coorinate>
 
 SPRITESIZE -- set sprite size (expand or not)
  SPRITESIZE <sprite#>,<x expand flag>,<y expand flag>